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What is Clean Architecture? A Complete Beginner’s Guide

Clean Architecture, introduced by Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob), is a software architecture style that emphasizes separation of concerns, testability, and independence from frameworks and tools.
Core ideas:
- Independent of Frameworks → Business rules shouldn’t depend on frameworks like React, Angular, or Django.
- Testable → Core logic can be tested without UI, database, or external services.
- Independent of UI → UI is just a delivery mechanism.
- Independent of Database → Databases are implementation details, not core rules.
- Independent of External Systems → Easy to swap out APIs, services, or tools.
The architecture is structured around concentric layers:
- Entities (Core Business Rules)
- Use Cases (Application Rules)
- Interface Adapters (Controllers, Presenters, Gateways)
- Frameworks & Drivers (UI, DB, Web)
This architecture keeps the business logic at the center, ensuring longevity and adaptability.

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